第十章 向才干之士敞开进身之路

[1] F. Engels, Condition of the Working Class in England, Chapter XII.

[2] M. Capefigue, Histoires des Grandes Operations Financières, IV (1860), p.255.

[3] M. Capefigue, loc. cit.,pp. 254,248—9.

[4] A. Beauvilliers, L’Art da Cuisinier, (Paris 1814).

[6] A. Briggs, Middle Class Consciousness in English Politics 1780—1846, Past and Present, 9, April 1956, p. 68.

[7] Donald Read, Press and People 1790—1850 (1961), p. 26.

[8] S. Smiles, Life of George Stephenson (1881 ed.), p. 183.

[9] Charles Dickens, Hard Times.

[10] Léon Faucher, Etudes sur l’Angleterre, I (1842), p. 322.

[11] M. J. Lambert-Dansette, Quelgues families du patronat textile de Lille-Armentières (Lille 1954), p. 659.

[12] Oppermann, Geschichte d. K?nigreichs Hannover, quoted in T. Klein, 1848, Der Vorkampf (1914), p. 71.

[13] G. Schilfert, Sieg u. Niederlage d. demokratischen Wahlrechts in d. deutschen Revolution 1848—9 (1952), pp. 404—5.

[14] Mulhall, op. cit. p. 259.

[15] W. R. Sharp, The French Civil Service (New York 1931), pp. 15—16.

[16] The Census of Great Britain in 1851 (London, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1854), p. 57.

[17] R. Portal, La naissance d’une bourgeoisie industrielle en Russie dans la première moitié du XIX siècle. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Moderne, Douzième série, II,1959.

[18] Vienna, Verwaltungsarchiv, Polizeihofstelle, H 136/1834.

[19] A. Girault et L. Milliot, Principes de Colonisation et de Législation Coloniale (1938),p. 359.

[20] Louis Chevalier, Classes Laborieuses et Classes Dangereuses (Paris 1958) III, pt.2 discusses the use of the term ‘barbarians’, both by those hostile and by those friendly to the labouring poor in the 1840s.

[21] D. Simon, Master and Servant in J. Saville ed., Democracy and the Labour Movement(1954).

[22] P. Jaccard, Histoire Sociale du Travail (i960), p. 248.

[23] P. Jaccard, Op. cit., p. 249.